The Symmetrical Defense is a chess opening that starts with the moves
1.d4 d5 2.c4 c5
The opening is also called the Austrian Defense because it was studied by some chess players from Austria, most notably GM Ernst Grünfeld.
The Symmetrical Defense is an uncommon variation of the Queen´s Gambit Declined.
It poses the purest test of Queen´s Gambit theory —
whether Black can equalize by simply copying White´s moves.
Most opening theoreticians believe that White should gain the advantage
and that at best Black is playing for a draw.
White often replies 3.cxd5,
but other moves are playable and may lead to transpositions into more well-known variations such as the Queen´s Gambit accepted and the Tarrasch Defense.
After 3.cxd5 it is not advisable for Black to play 3...Qxd5, because 4.Nf3 cxd4 5.Nc3 Qa5 6.Nxd4 gives White a big lead in development.
Instead Black should play 3...Nf6 intending to recapture on d5 with his knight.
White should be able to maintain the advantage with either 4.Nf3 or 4.e4.
Possible continuations are 4.Nf3 cxd4 5.Nxd4 Nxd5 6.e4 Nc7 or 4.e4 Nxe4 5.dxc5 Nxc5 6.Nc3 e6.
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